Integrating Technology Systems for Problem-Solving
How does a working technology system combine sensors, processors and actuators to solve a real problem?
- Draw an input–process–output–feedback block diagram
- Identify sensors and actuators in real PNG systems
- Explain the role of feedback in reliable operation
Overview
A technology system takes an input (from a person or a sensor), does some processing, and produces an output (usually via an actuator such as a motor, valve or lamp). The best systems also feed back information about the output so they can self-correct. Think of a rice cooker sensing temperature to switch off automatically.
Input – Process – Output – Feedback
Every technology system can be drawn as blocks. Inputs are sensors or human commands. Processing happens in a microcontroller, PLC or computer. Outputs drive actuators. Feedback returns information from the output back to the process so it can adjust.
Sensors and actuators
Common sensors: temperature (LM35), light (LDR), moisture, ultrasonic distance. Common actuators: LEDs, buzzers, DC motors, relays. Choose them to match the problem — a school gate does not need an aviation-grade sensor.
Case studies
An irrigation controller (moisture sensor → controller → valve) or a security alarm (motion sensor → controller → siren + SMS) both show input–process–output–feedback in one clean diagram.
Block diagram sprint
- Choose ONE of: automatic gate, hostel water tank monitor, school PA system.
- Draw the input–process–output–feedback diagram on A4.
- Label at least one sensor, one actuator and one feedback path.
- Name the four blocks of a technology system.
Reveal answer
Input, Process, Output, Feedback.
- Give one sensor and one actuator used in a school setting.
Reveal answer
PIR motion sensor (sensor) and buzzer (actuator), for example.
- Why is feedback important?
Reveal answer
It lets the system self-correct and stay reliable.
Sketch a block diagram of your school bell system and mark where feedback is missing.